| Known in the medical literature also under the
name of sometotropin, Human Growth Hormone is one of the most important
participants in the control of a number of complex physiological
processes, such as, for example, growth and metabolism. In fact,
the Human Growth Hormone is a protein hormone, synthesized and secreted
by human body cells.
Growth Hormone activity can produce two different types of effects.
The first type comprises the direct effects, and results from growth
hormone binding its receptor on the target cells. Thus, we can analyze
the example of the fat cells, which have Growth Hormone receptors
and Growth Hormone determines them to break into pieces and, at
the same time, suppresses they capability to accumulate lipids.
The second group is represented by the indirect effects, which are
mainly mediated by a hormone that is secreted from the liver cells
and which is know in the medical studies under the name of IGF-I.
Human body growth is an extremely complex and complicated process,
which requires the coordination of various hormones and substances.
Thus, the main role played by Growth Hormone, in what concerns human
body growth stimulation, is to determine the liver, as well as other
tissues, to produce IGF-I. Stimulating the proliferation of cartilage
cells, IGF-I contributes to bone growth. Moreover, it also substantially
helps muscle growth.
As studies clearly demonstrate, Growth Hormone produces important
effects on the protein, lipid and carbohydrate metabolism. In what
concerns the metabolism of the proteins, Growth Hormone is able
to stimulate protein anabolism in many tissues. Thus, the level
of amino acid uptake increases considerably, together with the protein
synthesis, while the process of proteins oxidation is constantly
decreasing.
Together with other hormones, the Growth Hormone contributes to
maintaining blood glucose within normal levels. Various specialists
incline to classify Growth Hormone as a hormone providing anti-insulin
activity, suppressing thus, the capability of insulin to stimulate
glucose uptake in the tissues which have a more peripheral location
and improve synthesis of the glucose situated in the liver.
The production of Growth Hormone in the human body is influenced
by a long series of factors including stress, nutrition, exercise,
and even by Growth Hormone itself. Nevertheless, specialists declare
that the primary responsible elements for a normal development of
Growth Hormone are represented by a hormone that can be found in
the stomach and other two hypothalamic hormones.
Deficiency or excess of Growth Hormone are likely to cause serious
dysfunctions. As a general rule, the negative effects resulted from
Growth Hormone deficiency depend on the age of the person, and can
appear from either a heritable or acquired disease. On the other
hand, there are serious disorders that appear as a direct result
of excessive secretion of Human Growth Hormone. Among the most common
ones we can enumerate: gigantism – a very rare disease, usually
resulting from a tumor; acromegaly – which results from a
very excessive secretion of Growth Hormone in adults.
As a final idea, Growth Hormone has also various other application
in diverse fields of activity, including animal agriculture and
anti-aging research industry.
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